Fibromyalgia

What is Fibromyalgia?

Fibromyalgia is a complex medical disorder characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain accompanied by fatigue, sleep disturbances, memory and mood issues. Researchers believe that fibromyalgia amplifies painful sensations by affecting the way your brain processes pain signals. 

The onset of fibromyalgia symptoms varies among individuals. In some cases, symptoms emerge after a physical trauma, surgical procedure, infection, or intense psychological stress. Alternatively, for others, the symptoms gradually accumulate over time without a clear triggering event.

Women are more likely to develop fibromyalgia than are men. Many people who have fibromyalgia also experience tension headaches, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders, irritable bowel syndrome, anxiety and depression.

While there is no cure for fibromyalgia, there are various medications available to help manage its symptoms. Additionally, lifestyle changes, including exercise, relaxation and stress-reduction measures, can contribute to improved quality of life for individuals suffering with this condition.  

Symptoms of Fibromyalgia

  • Chronic muscle pain, muscle spasms, or tightness
  • Myofascial trigger points throughout the body
  • Tension or migraine headaches
  • Jaw and facial tenderness
  • Numbness or tingling in the face, arms, hands, legs, or feet
  • Moderate or severe fatigue and decreased energy
  • Insomnia or waking up feeling just as tired as when you went to sleep
  • Stiffness upon waking or after staying in one position for too long
  • Difficulty remembering, concentrating, and performing simple mental tasks (“fibro fog”)
  • Abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, and constipation alternating with diarrhea (irritable bowel syndrome)
  • Sensitivity to one or more of the following: odors, noise, bright lights, medications, certain foods, and cold
  • Feeling anxious or depressed
  • Increase in urinary urgency or frequency (irritable bladder)
  • Reduced tolerance for exercise and muscle pain after exercise
  • A feeling of swelling (without actual swelling) in the hands and feet

Fibromyalgia symptoms may intensify depending on the time of day — morning, late afternoon, and evening tend to be the worst times. 

Additionally, these symptoms can worsen under various circumstances, including fatigue, stress, inactivity, changes in weather, exposure to cold or drafty conditions, overexertion, hormonal fluctuations (such as just before your period or during menopause), as well as emotional factors like stress and depression.

If the condition is not diagnosed and treated early, symptoms can go on indefinitely, or they may disappear for months and then recur.

Call Your Doctor About Fibromyalgia and ask for a physical therapy referral, if you have chronic muscle pain and overwhelming fatigue.

Many states, like Illinois, have direct access so you can come to a physical therapy clinic without a referral.  

Causes of Fibromyalgia

Trauma:  The causes of fibromyalgia are unknown, but there are probably a number of factors involved. Many people associate the development of fibromyalgia with a physically or emotionally stressful or traumatic event, such as an automobile accident. Some connect it to repetitive injuries. Others link it to an illness. For others, fibromyalgia seems to occur spontaneously.

The United Kingdom’s National Health Service lists these as the causes:

Genes:  Some scientists speculate that a person’s genes may regulate the way his or her body processes painful stimuli. According to this theory, people with fibromyalgia may have a gene or genes that cause them to react strongly to stimuli that most people would not perceive as painful. There have already been several genes identified that occur more commonly in fibromyalgia patients, and NIAMS-supported researchers are currently looking at other possibilities.”

    • Abnormal pain messages
    • Chemical imbalances which regulate mood, appetite, sleep, behavior and stress responses.
    • Sleep problems
    • Genetics
    • Possible triggers. These include an injury, viral infection, giving birth, breakdown of a relationship, being in an abusive relationship, death of a loved one.

 

Problems in Pain Processing:  Many researchers are examining other causes, including problems with how the central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord) processes pain.

Treatment

Here at the Hobson Institute, we provide one-on-one care for our patients, focusing on individualized treatment plans to address the specific needs of each person.We have treated many patients that have Fibromyalgia and the treatment is successful with the following treatment approach:

  • Comprehensive Evaluation: A good evaluation of the muscles and trigger points as these will cause pain in distant sites which may explain why patients have pain that they don’t understand.
  • Manual Therapy: Our approach includes hands-on therapy for both joints and muscles to help restore proper joint mechanics and soft tissue flexibility in order to improve overall posture and spinal curves.
  • Nasal Breathing Retraining: We also emphasize retraining nasal breathing to restore proper airway support, particularly with regard to the back of the tongue and soft palate. 
  • Buteyko Breathing Method: We incorporate the Buteyko breathing method to rebalance CO2 levels. Often, imbalances in CO2 levels are linked to overbreathing or hyperventilation patterns, leading to various health issues. By restoring CO2 balance, we enhance overall circulation and relax the smooth muscles around internal organs that may tighten when CO2 levels are low.
  • Physical Therapy: Our treatment plan includes core and extremity exercises to improve flexibility and strength in the body.
  • Dry Needling: For those who opt for it, we offer dry needling. This technique is particularly effective in addressing trigger points, which are common in patients with Fibromyalgia.
  • Vitamin and Mineral Assessment: We recommend assessing vitamin D3 and B12 levels. Low levels of these vitamins can contribute to chronic muscle pain and discomfort.
  • Ferritin Levels Evaluation: In the case of women with heavy menstrual cycles, we suggest testing ferritin levels, as heavy bleeding can lead to lowered ferritin levels, potentially causing chronic pain.

Symptoms of fibromyalgia in men can range from mild to debilitating. They may vary from person-to-person and can include:

      • pain and tenderness
      • fatigue
      • morning muscle stiffness
      • irritable bowel symptoms
      • brain fog
      • headache
      • depression

Fibromyalgia symptoms can be similar to the symptoms of other conditions. If the symptoms are not severe, it can be hard to know when to see a doctor.

If a man thinks he may have the symptoms of fibromyalgia, he should seek medical advice, to rule out other conditions. 

It is also a great idea to get evaluated by a physical therapist that has experience with this population.

Frequently Asked Questions

Fibromyalgia and Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) are different diseases but they can occur together. Here’s the difference:

Rheumatoid vs Arthritis Symptoms

  • RA can impair your muscles and joints, while the pain from fibromyalgia does not damage them.
  • Fibromyalgia patients have trouble sleeping while RA patients do not.
  • RA is slowly progressive, while fibro is episodic.
  • Without treatment, RA symptoms worsen. Serious cases can damage major organs.
  • If your joints are red and swollen, you have RA.


Source: Signs and Symptoms of Rheumatoid Arthritis vs Fibromyalgia

Dealing with chronic pain can drag you down physically and emotionally. It can make your quality of life much less than it should be.  Here are several things you can do to help you feel better:

  • Get evaluated by a physical therapist that has experience with Fibromyalgia.  
  • Engage in exercise. It has been scientifically proven that mild to moderate physical activity can lessen the feelings of chronic pain. It can strengthen your muscles, lubricate your joints, and improve your mental outlook so that you can tolerate the pain for the rest of the day. Try a mild to moderate exercise like walking or bicycling that can engage your muscles without putting a lot of pressure on your joints. Additionally, a recent study showed that short bursts of daily movement throughout the day helps improve chronic pain, like that seen in Fibromyalgia. This means taking the stairs instead of the elevator, walking more and anything that involves short periods of movement throughout the day.
  • Have a massage. A massage can help alleviate aches and pains and make you feel brand new again. Use a massage therapist who understands your chronic pain and who can do their job without exacerbating any of your pain. There are many types of massage therapy, some of which are better for chronic pain than others, a professional will know exactly what to do.
  • Join a support group. Many hospitals, HMOs, and community centers offer support groups for those who deal with chronic pain. You can hear from others in situations similar to yours and can learn tips for dealing with pain you may not know about. You can also share your feelings about your pain with those who understand exactly what you have been going through and find comfort in the support you receive and also give.
  • Eat healthy. Foods like fruits, vegetables, whole grains and lean meats are simple choices that keep you from eating processed foods that cause inflammation in the body that promotes chronic pain. A healthy diet filled with whole food has been associated with decreased inflammation and a relief of chronic pain symptoms.
  • Avoid processed foods. Foods that have been made in factories have trans fats and other preservatives that can build up in your system, worsening your pain, weighing you down and causing weight gain that makes chronic pain worse. They also prevent you from maintaining a healthy weight, which helps your joints be less stressed. Always read product labels and look for foods that are free of fat and preservatives.
  • Maintain a healthy weight. Keeping your body mass index between 19 and 25 is associated with less pain and an easier time of getting around to perform activities of daily living. You can achieve a healthy weight with calorie restriction and exercise.
  • We at the Hobson Institute work on slowing down your breath and restoring gentle nose breathing but you may also want to take part in meditation. Meditation induces the relaxation response that helps alleviate chronic pain, and may make it occur less often. Mediation also reduces stress, which is known to make pain worse. Meditation takes just a few minutes and can be easily learned. It can be done just about anywhere and by anyone for better health, overall emotional, physical and mental health on top of its pain management benefits.
  • Practice guided imagery. Imagine yourself in a beautiful and different place while focusing on your breath. You can imagine yourself in a lovely meadow, on a rustic beach or in the gentle forest. See, hear and smell what you would if you were actually there and your worries and pain will gradually recede. Guided imagery is a type of meditation that works better for some when compared to other forms of mediation. Various guided imagery is available on CD.
  • Practice yoga. Yoga involves doing different kinds of poses while focusing on your breath. These poses, known as asanas, help induce the relaxation response, strengthen the joints and muscles, improve flexibility, and calm nerves, all of which supports healthy and effective pain management. It can be done by just about anyone at any fitness level and can be modified for those people who suffer from chronic pain. Restorative yoga is especially useful for those who live with chronic pain.
  • Practice Tai Chi. Tai chi is an ancient Chinese martial art that is used in Western health circles to improve balance and flexibility. It is a slow form of meditative movement that is low impact and ideal for those who suffer from various chronic pain conditions. You can learn it from a master or purchase a DVD that will show you how to do it. It can lessen your stress level and improve your experience of chronic pain. Tai chi can be done by those who are healthy enough to tolerate mild exercise and is best done in the morning.
  • Practice Qi Gong. This is another form of meditative movement with roots in Chinese martial arts that has turned into a healthful activity for anyone at any fitness level. You can even practice this in bed if you feel you can’t get out of bed because of your pain and will help you feel better. Qi Gong DVDs that teach the process can be purchased online.

Fibromyalgia symptoms may appear differently in men than women. People have always considered fibromyalgia symptoms to be milder in men than in women.

In reality, they may be as widespread in both genders, and recent studies indicate that the severity of symptoms may be the same in all people.

According to a  2017 report,  men may be less likely to consult a doctor than women. They may also feel stigmatized as “wimpy,” “whiney,” or “lazy,” when they complain of fibromyalgia symptoms, such as tiredness and muscle pains.  The report’s author says that remaining undiagnosed may make disability claims from employers harder for men to access than women.  Also, the impact of less available support may impact a family if a man, rather than a woman, is a primary income provider.

Discover pain management strategies at Hobson Institute for a healthier, more comfortable life.

Contact us to make an appointment with one of our clinicians today.

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